The efficiency of osteogenic differentiation (2 weeks) for different doses of Symphytum officinale was determined by flow cytometry (n = 10) for osteoblast marker, Osteocalcin, and most doses of Symphytum officinale enhanced osteogenesis. MTT assay showed that the selected doses of SO did not induce any cytotoxicity in MSCs (24 hours). Gene expression analyses for osteoblast markers (Runx-2, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin) were evaluated in differentiated osteoblasts using qPCR.įlow cytometry (CD90, CD105) detected MSCs isolated from bone marrow (93-98%). Different homoeopathic doses of SO (MT, 3C, 6C, 12C and 30C) were added to the basic differentiation medium (BDM) and efficiency of MSCs differentiating into osteoblasts were measured by evaluating expression of Osteocalcin using flow cytometry, and alkaline phosphatase activity using ELISA.

Osteogenic differentiation was induced in MSCs with β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid and dexamethasone over 2 weeks. Cytotoxicity of SO was evaluated by MTT assay. MSCs were isolated, expanded and characterized by flow cytometry (CD90, CD105). This study aimed to determine if homoeopathic doses of SO could augment osteogenesis in MSCs as they differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro.īone marrow samples were obtained from patients who underwent bone grafting procedures (n = 15). Symphytum officinale (SO) is a medicinal plant and in homoeopathic literature, believed to accelerate bone healing. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells possessing regenerative potential.

Symphytum bone healing